Unzipped and Defective Nanotubes: Rolling up Graphene and Unrolling Tubes

The properties of carbon nanotubes can be dramatically altered by the presence of defects. In this work we address the properties of two different kinds of defective nanotubes: junctions of achiral tubes with topological defects and partially unzipped carbon nanotubes. In particular, we begin by focussing on the interface states in carbon nanotube junctions between achiral tubes. We show that their number and energies can be derived by applying the Born–von Karman boundary condition to an interface between armchairand zigzag-terminated semi-infinite graphene layers. We show that these interface states, which were thought to be due to the presence of topological defects, are in fact related to the graphene zigzag edge states. Secondly, we study partially unzipped carbon nanotubes, which can be considered as the junction of a carbon nanotube and a graphene nanoribbon, which has edge features giving rise to novel properties. Carbon nanoribbons act as transparent contacts for nanotubes and viceversa, yielding a high conductance. At certain energies, nanoribbons behave as valley filters for carbon nanotubes; this holds considering electron–electron interaction effects. Furthermore, the application of a magnetic field turns the system conducting, with a 100% magnetoresistance. These novel structures may open a way for new carbon-based devices.